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Inductors are not commonly used in integrated circuits (ICs) due to several technical challenges and limitations inherent in their fabrication and integration into semiconductor processes. One primary reason is the difficulty in fabricating small, high-quality inductors using standard semiconductor manufacturing techniques. IC fabrication processes are optimized for creating intricate patterns of transistors, resistors, and capacitors … Read more

When a large current is passed through semiconductors, several potential consequences can occur depending on the specific conditions and the semiconductor’s design limits. Semiconductors are typically designed to handle specific current ratings, beyond which they may overheat or suffer damage. When a semiconductor experiences a current surge beyond its rated capacity, it can heat up … Read more

Breakdowns in reverse bias diodes occur primarily due to the application of a voltage that exceeds the diode’s breakdown voltage rating. When a diode is reverse biased, meaning the voltage across it is applied in the opposite direction to its intended forward operation, a sufficiently high reverse voltage can cause the diode to conduct heavily. … Read more

Old vacuum tube amplifiers are often perceived to sound richer compared to modern transistor and FET (Field-Effect Transistor) amplifiers due to several factors related to their electronic characteristics and the nature of their distortion. Vacuum tubes, or valves, exhibit a different distortion profile compared to transistors and FETs. The distortion produced by vacuum tubes tends … Read more

Converting current into voltage involves using a resistor to create a voltage drop proportional to the current flowing through it. This method is commonly known as using a “shunt resistor.” By Ohm’s law, voltage (V) is equal to current (I) multiplied by resistance (R). Therefore, placing a known resistor in the path of the current … Read more

Electricity is generated through various methods, primarily involving the conversion of energy from one form to electrical energy. The most common method involves electromagnetic induction in power plants. In these plants, mechanical energy, often derived from steam turbines or water turbines, rotates a generator’s rotor inside a magnetic field. This movement induces an electric current … Read more

A capacitor is an electronic component used in electrical circuits to store and release electrical energy. Its primary use is to temporarily store charge and energy in an electric field between its two conductive plates separated by a dielectric material. Capacitors are utilized in a wide range of applications across electronics and electrical systems. The … Read more

Rectifiers find applications in various fields where conversion of alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) is necessary. Common applications include power supplies for electronic devices such as computers, televisions, and household appliances like refrigerators and washing machines. In these applications, rectifiers convert AC mains voltage to DC voltage suitable for powering electronic circuits and … Read more

VDC power refers to Direct Current (DC) power, which is electrical power that flows consistently in one direction without reversing polarity. Unlike Alternating Current (AC), which periodically changes direction, DC power maintains a constant voltage level and polarity. VDC power is commonly used in electronics, automotive systems, and many battery-operated devices where a steady and … Read more