This tool calculates the Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) of an RF receiver using the Third Order Intercept Point (IIP3) and Minimum Detectable Signal (MDS). It helps determine the usable dynamic range before distortion or noise limits signal quality. Formula SFDR = (2/3) * (IIP3 – MDS) If IIP3 is given in watts, convert it … Read more
This tool calculates the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and Incident Power Density for a given electric field, conductivity, and material density. It helps estimate how much electromagnetic energy is absorbed by a material, particularly in human tissue exposure assessments. Formulas SAR = (σ * E²) / md Incident Power Density = E² / 377 Formula … Read more
This calculator determines the key parameters of a quartz crystal oscillator, including the series resonance frequency, parallel resonance frequency, and quality factor. It helps analyze crystal behavior in RF and oscillator circuit design. Formulas Fs = 1 / (2 * π * √(Ls * Cs)) Fp = 1 / (2 * π * √(Ls * … Read more
This calculator determines the characteristic impedance of a quarter-wave transformer used to match two transmission lines with different impedances, ensuring minimal signal reflection and maximum power transfer. Formula Z₀ = √(ZL × Zin) Formula Explanation ZL is the load impedance in ohms. Zin is the input impedance in ohms. Z₀ represents the required transformer impedance … Read more
This calculator determines the Shape Factor and Quality Factor (Q) of a microwave band pass filter based on its center frequency and bandwidth values. It helps evaluate the filter’s selectivity and performance in RF and microwave circuits. Formulas Shape Factor (SF) = BW60dB / BW3dB Quality Factor (Q) = fc / BW3dB Formula Explanation fc: … Read more
This calculator determines the radar blind speed and wavelength for a given frequency and pulse repetition time (PRT). It helps identify the target speeds that cause Doppler blind zones, where radar cannot detect motion accurately. Formulas λ = c / f v = (λ × 10⁹) / (2 × PRT) where c = 299,792,458 m/s … Read more
This calculator determines the Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) and Pulse Repetition Time (PRT) in radar systems based on the maximum unambiguous range. It helps in understanding radar signal timing and avoiding target range ambiguities. Formulas PRF (Hz) = c / (2 × Rmax) PRT (s) = 1 / PRF where c = 3 × 10⁸ … Read more
This calculator finds the maximum range at which a radar can detect a target without range ambiguity, based on the pulse repetition frequency (PRF). It helps determine the radar’s effective detection limit for accurate distance measurement. Formula Unambiguous Range = c / (2 × PRF) Formula Explanation c = speed of light (3 × 10⁸ … Read more
This converter determines the effective aperture (Ae) of an antenna using its gain and operating frequency. It helps evaluate how efficiently an antenna can capture power from an incoming electromagnetic wave. Formula Ae = (λ² / (4 * π)) * G = (c² / f²) * (G / (4 * π)) Formula Explanation Ae is … Read more
This calculator determines the optimal dimensions (D, X, and A) for a 90° microstrip mitered bend to minimize signal reflection and maintain consistent impedance in RF circuits. Formulas D = W * √2 X = W * √2 * (0.52 + 0.65 * e−1.35 * (W / h)) A = X * √2 − W … Read more