Piezoelectric buzzers work by utilizing the piezoelectric effect, which is the ability of certain materials to generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress. In the case of piezoelectric buzzers, a piezoelectric ceramic element is sandwiched between two electrodes. When an alternating voltage (AC) is applied across the electrodes, the piezoelectric material deforms … Read more
The main difference between BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor) and FET (Field-Effect Transistor) lies in their fundamental operating principles and construction. BJTs control current flow through the injection and diffusion of charge carriers (electrons and holes) between their emitter, base, and collector terminals. They are classified into NPN and PNP types based on the doping of … Read more
Solenoid engines are not efficient primarily due to the nature of solenoids themselves. Solenoids typically operate with high electrical resistance, which leads to significant energy losses in the form of heat. This inefficiency results in a lower overall energy conversion efficiency compared to other types of engines. The inefficiency of solenoid engines stems from several … Read more
JFETs (Junction Field-Effect Transistors) find various applications in electronics due to their specific characteristics. One primary use of JFETs is in amplification circuits, particularly in low-noise applications where high input impedance is essential. Their ability to provide high input impedance makes them suitable for buffering signals and preventing loading effects in circuits, ensuring minimal distortion … Read more
Resistance in a circuit can be altered by several factors, primarily related to the material and physical properties of the conductor through which current flows. One factor is temperature: as the temperature of a conductor increases, its resistance typically increases as well. This phenomenon occurs due to the increased vibrations of atoms within the material, … Read more
Cathode rays and X-rays are both types of electromagnetic radiation, but they differ significantly in their properties and origins. Cathode rays are streams of electrons emitted from the cathode (negative electrode) of a vacuum tube under high voltage. They are used in cathode ray tubes (CRTs) for displaying images in older television sets and monitors. … Read more
Direct current (DC) can be sourced from various sources including batteries, solar cells, and DC generators. Batteries are widely used in portable devices and automotive applications due to their convenience and stable output. Solar cells convert sunlight directly into DC electricity, commonly used in solar panels for residential and industrial applications. DC generators produce DC … Read more
A lightning arrester provides a low-impedance path to the ground for transient voltage surges caused by lightning strikes or other sources. Its primary function is to divert the high voltage surge from lightning strikes safely to the ground, thereby protecting electrical equipment and installations from damage due to overvoltage events. By offering a path of … Read more
What is short circuit breaking current in circuit breaker ? The short circuit breaking current in a circuit breaker refers to the maximum current that the breaker can safely interrupt or disconnect during a short circuit fault. This fault occurs when there is an unintended direct connection (short circuit) between two points of different electrical … Read more
JFETs (Junction Field-Effect Transistors) are designed to operate in a reverse-biased mode for optimal performance. In a JFET, the channel between the source and drain is controlled by the voltage applied to the gate terminal relative to the source terminal. When a negative voltage (reverse bias) is applied to the gate with respect to the … Read more