A lightning arrester provides a low-impedance path to the ground for transient voltage surges caused by lightning strikes or other sources. Its primary function is to divert the high voltage surge from lightning strikes safely to the ground, thereby protecting electrical equipment and installations from damage due to overvoltage events. By offering a path of least resistance, the lightning arrester helps prevent the buildup of excessive voltage that could otherwise damage sensitive equipment connected to the power distribution network.
The position of a lightning arrester is typically at points where power lines or electrical equipment are vulnerable to lightning strikes or transient voltage surges. In substations, switchyards, and distribution systems, lightning arresters are strategically placed at intervals along overhead power lines or near transformers, circuit breakers, and other critical equipment. This placement ensures that any surge of high voltage induced by lightning strikes or switching operations is promptly redirected to ground, protecting the entire electrical system from potential damage.
In a switchyard or substation environment, a lightning arrester is essential for safeguarding expensive and sensitive electrical equipment from the destructive effects of lightning-induced surges. These surges can otherwise cause insulation breakdown, equipment failure, and even fires. By intercepting and diverting lightning-induced surges, lightning arresters prevent costly downtime and ensure the reliability and longevity of electrical infrastructure.
A lightning arrester acts as a protective device that shunts excess electrical energy from lightning strikes or transient overvoltages to the ground. It operates by rapidly conducting the high voltage surge to the earth, where it can safely dissipate without causing damage to connected equipment. This protective action occurs within microseconds of a voltage surge exceeding a predefined threshold, ensuring that electrical systems are shielded from the harmful effects of lightning-induced overvoltages. Lightning arresters are designed to handle repeated surges over their operational lifespan, offering reliable protection against unpredictable weather-related electrical hazards.