Electronics

D-glucose and L-glucose are not epimers; they are actually enantiomers. They are mirror images of each other and are optically active, rotating plane-polarized light in opposite directions. The designation of D and L in glucose refers to the configuration of the hydroxyl group attached to the chiral center farthest from the carbonyl group (C5 in … Read more

Separating two enantiomers can be challenging because they have identical physical and chemical properties, except for their interactions with plane-polarized light (optical activity). One effective method for separating enantiomers is chiral chromatography. This technique utilizes a stationary phase that contains a chiral selector, which interacts differently with each enantiomer based on their stereochemistry. As the … Read more

Transformers come in various kinds, each designed for specific applications. The primary kinds include step-up transformers, which increase voltage levels; step-down transformers, which decrease voltage levels; isolation transformers, which isolate different parts of a circuit for safety; autotransformers, which use a single winding to act as both primary and secondary windings; and three-phase transformers, used … Read more

A chiral column works by incorporating a stationary phase that contains a chiral selector, which interacts selectively with enantiomers based on their stereochemistry. The chiral selector may be a chiral molecule or a chiral group attached to a stationary phase material. As the sample mixture containing enantiomers passes through the chiral column in a chromatographic … Read more

The working principle of optical switching involves the ability to control the routing of optical signals within a network without converting them into electrical signals. Optical switches operate by manipulating the path of light signals using various mechanisms such as micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), liquid crystal technologies, or semiconductor-based devices. These switches can direct optical signals … Read more

Can I use a 24 V solar panel to charge a 12 V battery ? Using a 24V solar panel to charge a 12V battery is feasible with the right setup to ensure safe and efficient charging. Typically, a solar charge controller is used in between the solar panel and the battery to manage the … Read more

Zener diodes are primarily used for voltage regulation and voltage reference purposes in electronic circuits. They are designed to operate in the breakdown region when reverse biased, maintaining a nearly constant voltage drop across their terminals known as the Zener voltage (Vz). This characteristic makes Zener diodes valuable in stabilizing voltage levels within a circuit, … Read more

Diodes are used in series in electronic circuits for several reasons, primarily to increase the voltage rating or to share the voltage across multiple diodes. When diodes are connected in series, their individual breakdown voltages or forward voltage drops add up, allowing the circuit to handle higher voltages than a single diode could manage alone. … Read more

An electric fuse plays a critical role in protecting electrical appliances and circuits from damage due to excessive current. When an electrical fault occurs, such as a short circuit or overcurrent condition, the current flowing through the circuit increases significantly beyond the safe operating limits. This excess current generates heat in the fuse element (typically … Read more

Pulse triggering is preferred over DC triggering for thyristors primarily because it provides precise control over the turn-on process and enhances the reliability and efficiency of the device. Thyristors, such as silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCRs), require a sufficient gate current to transition from a blocking state to a conducting state. DC triggering involves applying a continuous … Read more