A current transformer (CT) is a device used to measure alternating current (AC) flowing in a conductor. Its primary purpose is to transform high currents in power systems into a proportional lower current suitable for measurement and protection purposes. The CT operates based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where the primary conductor carrying the … Read more
Copper metal wires are commonly used to conduct electricity due to several key properties that make copper an excellent conductor. Firstly, copper has a high electrical conductivity, meaning it allows electricity to flow through it with minimal resistance. This property reduces energy loss as heat during transmission, making copper wires efficient for delivering electrical power … Read more
Using an AC circuit breaker for DC applications is generally not recommended due to several critical differences between AC and DC circuits. AC circuit breakers are designed to interrupt the flow of alternating current, where the current periodically crosses zero and changes direction. In contrast, DC circuit breakers are designed to interrupt direct current, where … Read more
What is a rheostat and How it is used ? A rheostat is a variable resistor that is used to adjust the resistance in an electrical circuit manually. It consists of a resistive element (often a coil of resistance wire) with a movable contact or slider that can be adjusted along its length. By moving … Read more
An inverter is used to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC). This conversion is essential for powering devices and appliances that operate on AC power, which is the standard for most household and industrial electrical systems. The purpose of an inverter is to enable the use of DC power sources, such as batteries … Read more
Transformers are specifically designed to work with alternating current (AC) and cannot be used to directly step up or step down direct current (DC) voltage. The fundamental principle of operation in transformers relies on the ability of AC to induce a changing magnetic flux in the transformer’s core. This changing magnetic flux is what allows … Read more
If a DC supply is connected to a capacitor, the capacitor will charge up to the supply voltage. Initially, there is a surge of current as the capacitor begins to store charge, but as it becomes fully charged, the current gradually decreases and eventually stops, leaving the capacitor with a voltage equal to that of … Read more
How do capacitors work as a filter in power supply ? Capacitors work as filters in power supplies by smoothing out fluctuations in the DC voltage output. In a typical power supply circuit, after rectification of AC voltage, the resulting waveform still contains ripples or variations due to the pulsating nature of rectified AC. Capacitors … Read more
PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) thermistors operate based on their unique electrical resistance characteristics with respect to temperature. These thermistors are made from semiconductor materials that exhibit a significant increase in resistance as their temperature rises. The key principle behind PTC thermistors is their positive temperature coefficient, meaning that as temperature increases, their resistance increases nonlinearly. … Read more
Forward and reverse bias refer to the two basic operating conditions of a semiconductor diode, such as a PN junction diode. In forward bias, the diode is connected in such a way that the positive terminal of the voltage source is connected to the P-type material (anode) and the negative terminal to the N-type material … Read more