Electronics guide: Diode, Capacitor, Arduino Platform, and Electronics Store
Waves themselves cannot be accelerated in the sense that particles or objects can be accelerated. Waves propagate through a medium or space by transferring energy without permanently displacing the medium’s particles. When we talk about the speed of a wave, it refers to how quickly the disturbance (such as oscillations or vibrations) propagates through the … Read more
The voltage across resistors in an experiment may differ slightly from calculated values due to several factors. One reason is the tolerance of the resistors used in the experiment. Resistors have a specified tolerance that indicates the allowable deviation from their nominal resistance value. If the resistors used have a tolerance of, for example, ±5%, … Read more
The efficiency of a power transformer refers to how effectively it converts electrical power from one voltage level to another while minimizing energy losses. The maximum efficiency of a transformer depends on several factors, including its design, construction quality, and operating conditions. Typically, modern power transformers achieve efficiencies in the range of 95% to 98% … Read more
Zener breakdown refers to a phenomenon in a reverse-biased semiconductor diode where the voltage across the diode exceeds the breakdown voltage, causing a rapid increase in current through the diode. Unlike normal diodes that are designed to block current in the reverse direction, Zener diodes are specially designed to operate in this breakdown region reliably. … Read more
A transistor is commonly referred to as an amplifier because it can significantly increase the strength or amplitude of a weak signal applied to its base terminal. In this configuration, the transistor operates in active mode, where a small input signal controls a larger output signal across its collector-emitter path. This amplification process makes transistors … Read more
If one of the parallel resistors in a circuit is removed, the current through the remaining parallel resistors will increase. This is because the total resistance in the circuit decreases when a resistor is removed from a parallel configuration. According to Ohm’s law (I = V/R), with a lower total resistance, the total current supplied … Read more
Driving high side MOSFETs or IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors) in practical circuits typically requires specialized techniques to ensure proper operation and efficiency. One practical way to drive high side MOSFETs or IGBTs is to use an isolated gate driver circuit. High side switches require a gate driver that can provide a gate voltage higher … Read more
A capacitor in a battery charger is used to smooth out fluctuations in voltage and current, providing more stable power to the charging circuitry. This helps protect sensitive electronic components from sudden voltage spikes or drops during the charging process. In a battery charger, capacitors are utilized to filter out noise and ripple from the … Read more
Dislocations in a crystal lattice can increase resistivity by disrupting the regular arrangement of atoms. As electrical current flows through a crystal, it encounters fewer obstacles in a perfect lattice than in a lattice containing dislocations. These disruptions impede the movement of electrons, causing them to scatter more frequently, which in turn increases the material’s … Read more
A relay is an electromechanical device that operates as a switch controlled by an electrical signal. It consists of a coil and one or more sets of contacts. When an electrical current flows through the coil, it generates a magnetic field that attracts or repels a movable armature connected to the contacts. This action either … Read more