Transformers require breathers primarily to prevent moisture from entering the transformer tank and contaminating the insulating oil. Moisture can degrade the insulating properties of the oil and lead to reduced transformer efficiency or even failure. Breathable air helps to maintain a slight positive pressure inside the transformer tank, preventing external moisture-laden air from entering. This is crucial for preserving the integrity and performance of the transformer insulation system over its operational lifespan.
Air is needed in transformers to facilitate the breathing process, which helps regulate the internal pressure within the transformer tank. During operation, transformers can experience temperature variations that cause the oil volume to expand and contract. The breather allows the exchange of air to accommodate these volume changes without allowing external contaminants, particularly moisture, to enter the transformer tank. This ensures that the insulating oil remains clean and dry, thereby maintaining the transformer’s insulation properties and operational reliability.
Breathers are devices installed on transformers to maintain the purity of the insulating oil by preventing the ingress of moisture and other contaminants. They consist of a silica gel or molecular sieve desiccant housed within a container that allows air to pass through while trapping moisture. As air enters or leaves the transformer tank due to temperature changes, the breather absorbs moisture from the incoming air, ensuring that only dry air enters the tank. This helps extend the service life of the transformer insulation and reduces the risk of electrical faults or breakdowns caused by moisture contamination.
The dehydrating breather in a transformer serves the critical function of removing moisture from the air entering the transformer tank. Moisture can degrade the insulating properties of the transformer oil, leading to reduced dielectric strength and potential breakdown of the insulation system. The dehydrating breather typically contains a desiccant material such as silica gel or molecular sieve, which absorbs moisture from the incoming air before it enters the transformer tank. This ensures that the insulating oil remains dry and free from contaminants, maintaining the transformer’s operational reliability and longevity.
The air breather of a transformer refers to the device installed on the transformer tank to control the exchange of air with the external environment. It typically includes a breather cap or assembly that incorporates a desiccant material to absorb moisture from the air entering the transformer. The breather helps to maintain the cleanliness and dryness of the insulating oil by preventing the ingress of moisture, dust, and other contaminants. This is essential for ensuring the efficient and reliable operation of the transformer by preserving the insulation integrity and preventing potential electrical faults due to moisture contamination.