IR (infrared) sensors work by detecting infrared radiation emitted or reflected by objects in their vicinity. They operate based on the principle that all objects with a temperature above absolute zero (-273.15°C or 0 Kelvin) emit infrared radiation. IR sensors typically consist of an emitter and a detector. The emitter sends out infrared radiation, and … Read more
The ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker) and RCD (Residual Current Device), also known as RCCB (Residual Current Circuit Breaker), serve similar purposes in electrical safety but differ in their mechanisms and applications. An ELCB or RCCB is designed to detect leakage currents, which occur when an unintended path between live conductors and earth (ground) is … Read more
The LM358 is a versatile integrated circuit (IC) that serves multiple functions in electronic circuits. Its primary use is as a dual operational amplifier (op-amp), where it provides amplification of differential input signals. The LM358 is widely used in audio processing, signal conditioning, voltage amplification, and low-frequency signal processing applications. Its low cost, ease of … Read more
A resistor, in the context of electronics, is a passive two-terminal component that restricts or limits the flow of electric current in a circuit. It is designed to have a specific resistance value, measured in ohms (Ω), which determines how much it impedes the flow of electrons. Resistors are fundamental components used extensively in electronic … Read more
A fuse blows primarily due to excessive current flowing through it, which causes the fuse element to heat up and melt, thereby interrupting the circuit. This condition typically occurs when there is a short circuit or an overload in the electrical circuit. In a short circuit, an unintended low-resistance path is created between the live … Read more
Resistors are often connected before and after transistors in electronic circuits for various reasons related to controlling current, setting biasing voltages, and protecting the transistor itself. One primary reason for placing a resistor before a transistor is to limit the current entering the base terminal of the transistor. In a common-emitter configuration, for example, a … Read more
A transformer with a turns ratio of around 1, often referred to as a 1:1 transformer, is commonly used for isolation purposes in electrical circuits. Its primary function is to provide electrical isolation between different parts of a circuit while maintaining the same voltage level. This type of transformer is crucial in applications where electrical … Read more
The world without transistors would be vastly different from the technological landscape we know today. Transistors are fundamental building blocks of modern electronics, replacing older vacuum tube technology that was bulky, fragile, and consumed a lot of power. Without transistors, electronic devices such as computers, smartphones, televisions, and digital cameras would not exist in their … Read more
A circuit breaker protects appliances and electrical systems by monitoring the current flowing through a circuit and disconnecting the power supply when it detects abnormal conditions that could lead to damage or hazards. When a circuit breaker is installed in a circuit, it continuously monitors the current passing through it. Under normal operating conditions, the … Read more
In electrolysis processes, maintaining a constant current is crucial for consistent and controlled chemical reactions at the electrodes. A variable resistor, often referred to as a rheostat in this context, is used to adjust and regulate the amount of resistance in the circuit. By varying the resistance, the rheostat can control the amount of current … Read more