A PTC relay with a capacitor works by using a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistor to control the starting capacitor in a single-phase compressor motor. When the motor starts, the PTC thermistor initially has a low resistance, allowing the starting capacitor to provide the necessary phase shift to start the motor. As the current flows through the PTC thermistor, its temperature rises, causing its resistance to increase. This increase in resistance eventually reduces the current flow to the starting capacitor, preventing overheating and ensuring proper motor operation.
In a relay, a capacitor is typically used to provide a phase shift in the motor windings during the starting phase. This phase shift creates a rotating magnetic field necessary for starting the motor. Capacitors used in relays are designed to store and release electrical energy quickly, aiding in the efficient starting of motors by providing the necessary electrical phase difference.
The resistance in a PTC relay should be such that it allows for a controlled initial current surge to start the motor. Typically, the PTC thermistor’s resistance in its initial low-temperature state should be low enough to allow sufficient current for starting the motor but high enough to limit current flow once the motor reaches operational speed. This balance ensures reliable motor starting and protection against overheating during continuous operation.