A photodiode is reverse biased while an LED is forward biased due to their different functions and operating principles. A photodiode is designed to detect light, and reverse biasing it enhances its sensitivity. In reverse bias, the depletion region widens, allowing for efficient generation and separation of electron-hole pairs when light photons strike the photodiode. This results in a measurable photocurrent proportional to the light intensity. An LED, on the other hand, is designed to emit light. In forward bias, current flows through the LED, causing electrons to recombine with holes in the depletion region, releasing energy in the form of light. This process does not occur in reverse bias, making forward bias necessary for LEDs to function.
A photodiode is operated in reverse bias because this configuration enhances its ability to detect light by creating a large depletion region and a strong electric field, which are essential for the efficient generation and collection of photogenerated charge carriers. While the current in forward bias is much larger than in reverse bias, this current is not related to light detection but rather to the natural flow of charge carriers due to the applied voltage. In reverse bias, the photocurrent generated is directly proportional to the light intensity, enabling accurate measurement and detection.
A photodiode does not work effectively in forward bias because its primary function is to detect light, which requires a configuration that maximizes sensitivity to light. In forward bias, the depletion region is narrow, and the electric field is weak, leading to inefficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. This results in a low and inconsistent photocurrent that is not suitable for accurate light detection. Reverse bias, with its larger depletion region and stronger electric field, provides the optimal conditions for light detection.
An LED is not used in reverse bias because it is designed to emit light when forward biased. In forward bias, the LED allows current to flow through the device, causing electron-hole recombination in the depletion region and resulting in the emission of light. In reverse bias, the LED blocks current flow, preventing the recombination process and thus not emitting any light. The structure and materials of LEDs are optimized for light emission under forward bias conditions, making reverse bias operation ineffective.
An LED diode is forward biased when used for its primary function of emitting light. In forward bias, the LED allows current to pass through, facilitating the recombination of electrons and holes in the depletion region, which releases energy in the form of photons, producing light. Reverse biasing an LED prevents current flow and the recombination process, thus it does not emit light under these conditions. Forward bias is essential for the LED’s operation as a light source.