When DC is applied to an inductor, initially there is a transient response due to the change in current. The inductor opposes changes in current by inducing a voltage proportional to the rate of change of current (Faraday’s Law of Induction). Once steady state is reached, assuming the DC current remains constant, the inductor behaves as a short circuit to DC. This means it allows DC to pass through it with minimal opposition.
When DC is applied across an inductor, the inductor allows the DC current to flow through it. In steady state, for DC, the inductor acts like a wire with very low resistance, as there is no change in current to induce a voltage across it.
Inductors react to DC by initially opposing changes in current, creating a voltage drop across themselves according to the rate of change of current. Once the current becomes steady (DC), the inductor effectively becomes a short circuit, allowing the current to flow through it without significant opposition.
When DC current passes through an inductor, the inductor builds up a magnetic field around itself proportional to the amount of current flowing through it. This magnetic field stores energy in the form of magnetic potential energy.
When an inductor is connected directly to a DC source, initially there may be a brief period where the inductor opposes the sudden change in current, causing a voltage spike. However, once the current stabilizes (assuming a constant DC source), the inductor behaves like a low resistance conductor, allowing the DC to flow through it freely with minimal resistance.