How do NPN transistors work?
The standard bipolar or BJT transistor is presented in two basic forms. An NPN type (Negative-Positive-Negative) and a PNP type (Positive-Negative-Positive). The most commonly used transistor configuration is the NPN…
This category cover topics of electronics “How to Guide”. Basic theory of electronics and question answer with how tech works with easy way with example. it also cover electrical fundamental like current, voltage and its calculation, some circuit design, device use and benefits etc.
The standard bipolar or BJT transistor is presented in two basic forms. An NPN type (Negative-Positive-Negative) and a PNP type (Positive-Negative-Positive). The most commonly used transistor configuration is the NPN…
Using the method for publication of NPN from PNP. If you have a transistor but you do not know if it is NPN or PNP, then you can find out…
Working of photodiode How does photodiode work : A photodiode array (PDA) is a linear range of discrete photodiodes on an integrated circuit (IC). For spectroscopy it is placed at…
Let’s talk about Photodiode operation in circuits. The operating principle of a photodiode is when a large-energy photon strikes the diode, creating a pair of electrons. This mechanism is also…
An infrared detector is a detector that reacts to infrared (IR) radiation. The two main types of detectors are thermal and photonic (photodetectors). The thermal effects of incident IR radiation…
An infrared sensor is an electronic tool that is used to detect certain environmental characteristics by emitting and / or detecting infrared radiation. Infrared sensors can also measure the heat…
A photodiode is a semiconductor device with a p-n junction and an intrinsic layer between layers p and n. It produces photocurrent in the generation of electron-hole pairs due to…
Connect the marked terminal as positive, first to the collector and measure the resistance. Then take it to the transmitter. In both cases, the counter must deviate (indicate open circuit…
Set up the multimeter to measure AC or DC voltage as needed. Turn the dial to the resistance mode (Ω). It may share a space on the dial with another…
Think of a diode as a one-way street for electricity. When the diode is in the feed direction, the diode allows circulation or current from the anode to the cathode…
Chromatographic column chromatography is a variant of column chromatography in which the stationary phase contains a single enantiomer of a chiral compound rather than an achiral. … As with all…
The separation of a raceme in its components, pure enantiomers, is called chiral resolution. There are various methods, including crystallization, chromatography and the use of enzymes. To effectively differentiate both…
STRUCTURAL ISOMERISM The isomers can be divided into two large groups: structural (or constitutional) isomers and stereoisomers. We will first consider the structural isomers, which can be divided again into…